Hydroquinone

A potent skin-lightening agent used to treat hyperpigmentation. Hydroquinone is a depigmenting agent that primarily works by inhibiting tyrosinase, a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of melanin. It competitively binds to tyrosinase, preventing the conversion of L-tyrosine to L-DOPA and L-DOPA to dopaquinone, thereby reducing melanin production. Additionally, it can induce selective degeneration and destruction of melanocytes, further contributing to its skin-lightening effects.

The CIR Expert Panel previously concluded hydroquinone unsafe for cosmetic use, but it is regulated as an FDA-approved over-the-counter (OTC) drug in the US at 2% for skin lightening. It can cause skin irritation, allergic contact dermatitis, and, with prolonged use, exogenous ochronosis, a blue-black hyperpigmentation. Concerns regarding potential carcinogenicity observed in animal studies have not been conclusively demonstrated in humans.

Look for products with In the US, hydroquinone is regulated as an over-the-counter (OTC) drug at 2% for skin lightening. Prescription formulations typically contain 3-4% or higher. It is prohibited for use in cosmetic formulations in the EU and many other countries due to its classification as a drug and associated safety concerns. for clinical efficacy.

Use Hydroquinone with General guidance carefully. Hydroquinone reduces your natural UV defense. Always use strong SPF in the morning with hydroquinone.

Use Hydroquinone with Benzoyl Peroxide carefully. Both can cause temporary skin staining when combined. If using together, let each fully absorb before applying the next.

Use Hydroquinone with AHAs (Glycolic, Lactic, etc.) carefully. AHAs increase hydroquinone penetration, which can cause more irritation. Use lower concentrations if combining.

Use Hydroquinone with Retinoids carefully. Hydroquinone and retinoid together is a clinical protocol but increases irritation. Use under dermatologist guidance.