Trehalose

Humectant that helps skin retain moisture and provides protection. Trehalose functions as a humectant, attracting and binding water molecules to the skin's surface, thereby increasing stratum corneum hydration. More uniquely, it acts as a bioprotectant by forming a gel-like matrix around cellular components, stabilizing cell membranes and proteins against environmental stressors such as dehydration, heat, and oxidative stress, preventing their denaturation. Furthermore, trehalose has been shown to induce autophagy, a cellular process crucial for removing damaged organelles and proteins, which supports cellular detoxification, renewal, and contributes to anti-aging effects in skin.

Trehalose is generally considered safe for cosmetic use. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has assessed trehalose and found it safe, noting its low potential for irritation or sensitization.

Look for products with 1-10% (most formulas use 1-5%) for clinical efficacy.