Sulfur

A mineral with antibacterial and keratolytic properties, used to treat acne and other skin conditions. Sulfur acts as a keratolytic agent by reacting with cysteine in keratinocytes to form hydrogen sulfide, which helps to soften and desquamate the stratum corneum, preventing follicular occlusion. It also possesses antibacterial properties, inhibiting the growth of *Cutibacterium acnes* by interfering with bacterial metabolism. Additionally, sulfur exhibits mild antifungal effects and can indirectly reduce inflammation associated with acne.

The CIR Expert Panel found sulfur safe as used in cosmetics. It is an FDA-approved OTC drug ingredient for acne and seborrheic dermatitis. While generally well-tolerated, it can cause mild dryness, irritation, or an unpleasant odor in some individuals.

Look for products with 1-10% (most over-the-counter acne formulas use 3-10%) for clinical efficacy.

Sulfur should not generally be combined with Retinoids. Sulfur and retinoids together cause extreme dryness and irritation. Never combine them in the same routine.

Sulfur should not generally be combined with Benzoyl Peroxide. Both sulfur and benzoyl peroxide are strong acne fighters but together they severely dry and irritate skin.

Use Sulfur with Retinoids carefully. Sulfur-based products can increase dryness when combined with retinoids. Use on alternate nights if needed.