Evening Primrose Oil
Rich in fatty acids, it helps to soothe and moisturize the skin.
What does Evening Primrose Oil do for skin?
Evening Primrose Oil (EPO), rich in gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), exerts its benefits by supporting skin barrier function and reducing inflammation. GLA is metabolized into dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), a precursor to anti-inflammatory eicosanoids such as prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and 15-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (15-HETrE). These mediators help to counteract pro-inflammatory processes by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory leukotrienes and prostaglandins. Additionally, its essential fatty acid content helps replenish intercellular lipids in the stratum corneum, supporting ceramide synthesis and fortifying the skin's natural barrier against moisture loss and external irritants.
Typical concentration: 1-10% (most formulas use 2-5% for its emollient and active properties; can be higher in dedicated facial oils or balms).
Is Evening Primrose Oil safe?
Evening Primrose Oil is generally recognized as safe for cosmetic use. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel has reviewed botanical oils, including Evening Primrose Oil, and found them safe as used in cosmetics. It has a low potential for irritation or sensitization.
What does the research say about Evening Primrose Oil?
Kim S, et al. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol. 2018 Sep;22(5):543-549
Huang X, et al. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2017;2017:7410898